Hindu Gods in the Rig Veda :: essays research papers

The Hindu Tradition 1.) Agni Agni is mentioned as many different things such as: the household priest king god of sacrifice, most brilliant leader of all gods, wish granter, shines up in darkness, guardian of the order, lord of power and master of sacrificed food, always included in sacrifices to other gods, favorite priest, sharp sight of a poet, great speaker who inspires all with his shining speech, the first god to rejoice in human friendship, lord of tribes, the chief priest who finds riches and a combination of Indra (the strongest of all except Agni) and the wide striding Vishna who is worthy of reverence. Worshippers of Agni want to: hold a safe household, find riches and treasure, grow as a person in wealth and happiness, give animal (human?) sacrifice to him, be inspired by his speeches, protection of their tribes and always be granted what they wish for. Angiras Angiras was mentioned just once in this text as the mediator between heaven and Earth. This name is related to the English word: Angel. Varuna Varuna was said to have spread out the Earth, extended the air above the trees, put strength in horses, milk in cows, will power in the heart, fire in waters, the sun in heaven, Soma upon the mountains, caused rain by pouring his leather bag, moistened the Earth, to be the magic (maya) worker and measured the Earth to the Sun with a measuring rod. Worshippers of Varuna ask for reconciliation from him and forgiveness of sins or offenses. Mitra and Aryaman These two were listed but there were not any writings about them except that they did have powers. I wonder whether Aryaman is the Leader of the gods for the Aryan people or tribe. Manu The first man on Earth according to the Rig Veda, he is the Clan founder or Adam, Noah, Abraham or Moses. He is only listed on these texts. Indra Indra is mentioned in these texts as: the bull, the strongest of all that exist (except Agni), he is one of the most honored besides Agni, the warrior king of 33 gods of Manu, wielder of thunderbolt, a killer of dragons, killer of the first born dragon, overpowering the wily tricksters, the god who brought forth the sun, heaven and dawn, not having anymore enemies after Vritra, the greatest enemy of Indra, who challenged Indra, who is without shoulders. Indra killed Vritra with a thunderbolt, broke his nose and crushed him.

Iago’s Manipulation in Act One of Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

Iago’s Manipulation in Act One of Othello The events that occur in the first half of Act 1 are all in anticipation of the lead character Othello who we are not immediately introduced too. We learn Iago’s name in the second line of the play and Roderigo’s soon after, but Othello is not mentioned by his name once. Instead he is referred to as ‘he’, ‘him’ and is frequently described as ‘the moor’ (1.1.58) he is also described as having ‘thick lips’ (1.1.67) and later as being a ‘Barbary horse’ (1.1.111) is continuously described by his critics, mainly Iago, as a ‘moor’, demonstrating Iago’s frequently concerning nature of race and also portraying Othello as something of an alien. From this reference we are able to immediately understand Iago’s true feelings and motives for Othello. The audience at this point know nothing of Othello that is gained by their own opinion, instead we are lead to believe from Iago’s race related description that Othello is a threatening and evil moor, whose beastial sexual appetite, conveyed by Iago’s cries to Brabantio, telling him that ‘an old black ram is tupping’ his ‘white ewe’ (1.1.89), is something of a rapist. Iago’s coarse animal related language conveys Iago’s feelings against Othello’s marriage in a much more pronounced way. The image of an ‘old black ram’ gives the audience nothing but negative images of Othello, especially when this ‘old black ram’ is being associated with the innocence of a ‘white ewe’. Iago then associates Othello with the image of ‘the devil’ (1.1.92) because of Othello’s colour, Iago warns Brabantio that he has ‘lost half [his] soul’ now that Desdemona is married to Oth ello. Iago here emphasises the biracial nature of the marriage, already showing his ability to manipulate people, in this case he is manipulating Brabantio, to believe in Iago’s own opinions and in theory to eliminate all thoughts that Brabantio might of had of his own about the marriage. Despite the negative foregrounding of Othello’s character by Iago, our first impressions of Othello in Act 1 are of a noble and well-spoken man, his nobility is conveyed through his speech ‘most potent grave and reverend signiors’(1.3.76) to his future father-in-law Brabantio of Othello’s love for his daughter Desdemona in Act 1 Scene 3. This is a very different character to what we expect from Iago’s preparation for the introduction of Othello. Where we are expecting an angry and possibly violent character, we instead are met with something completely surprising, a quiet and calm man who dismisses Roderigo’s insult and even avoids the prospect of a conflict.

Cashier Training manual Essay

Addictions Do addictions really exist? People constantly seem to say that they are addicted to nicotine, alcohol and drugs, but there are continuous debates whether this is just a necessity or a general want. Most people start using these substances out of depression as they convince themselves that it will make them feel better about themselves and the difficult life their living. However, others begin with these substances due to social surroundings as they feel the need to fit in around the harsh public. This then turns into a habit. There are 3 main types of addictions; psychological, mental and physical. Every case has a different type of addiction and some are overly exaggerated. After doing some research on addictions, I found that the term â€Å"addictions† has been proven to exist by many different scientists on quite a few websites. However I believe it does exist but more over it depends on the way each human beings mind works as some people have greater insecurities than others which cause them to feel the need to take such substances and over use them while others are mentally strong and take these substances once in a way for entertainment. Once you start experimenting with your bodies system and allowing these chemicals in, you should be strong in your mind to stop whenever but if you’re weak and allow your mind to take over, this will become an addiction. As proven by science, physical addictions exist. This has been mentioned by scientists on treatment websites, as many addicts have tried to stay clean for days and they experience â€Å"withdrawal symptoms† which means; â€Å"the person has developed a physical dependence.† Sometimes addicts give up as they find the withdrawal period harder than anything and feel the need to start the usage of drugs again. According to the National Institute of Health; â€Å"the addict’s whole life revolves around the drug whether they are harming themselves severely or not†. (http://advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp) There are certain drugs which can be physically addicting to certain human beings; this is has been proven as an addiction to some degree. But can some  drugs and alcohol can be serious addictions? It is always in the mind of the one using these substances as they are mentally insecure and dependable human minds. In the case of ciggerets it is the nicotine in cigarettes causes the addiction. Nowadays the percentage of smokers have increased, people have found more reasons to continue smoking, allowing it to become a mental addiction. People may think it helps them focus or fills them up as this is what they want to believe. However, people who say nicotine is a necessity have it in their minds and cause their body to go through this mind set addiction, due to insecurities or depression. Nicotine brings a general sense of fulfillment to these said to be â€Å"addicts†. Smokers need to have the will power to let go of nicotine. Due to the weak mentality of human beings, it has been proven that the majority death toll is due to the tobacco in the nicotine. According to the National Institute of Health; â€Å"Tobacco use killed approximately 100 million people during the 20th century and, if current smoking trends continue, the cumulative death toll for this century has been projected to reach 1 billion.† (http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html) On the other hand, alcohol damages the brain and the way in which the stimulants in the brain work. Many people end up in rehab as they are â€Å"alcoholics†, but then again do those exist? To me alcoholics are just like â€Å"nicotine addicts† it is set in their minds as it brings a sense of joy and serenity. Many sorts of psychological issues cause this. Some people tend to push themselves to drink every day, as they feel the need for it due to weak minds as they have no control over their actions and give up on themselves, some with no reason at all. Alcoholics think they physically need the alcohol in their systems but truly they are just mentally addicted to it as they lose control over their lifestyle. There are way too many different types of drugs; each one has a different effect but not all of them become physical or mental addictions. Marijuana is a drug and said to be herbal, however it does affect the way in which your mind works and reacts to certain situations, but not for long. It could never be an addiction to any human being, well that’s how I would see it as it is just a different way of enjoyment for certain people. But this wouldn’t be a necessity to anybody and if the  person calls themselves an addict to this drug it proves that the person cannot accept their life and feels the need for something which cannot be a true addiction. This would be a psychological problem rather than addiction. Then again, drugs such as; heroin, cocaine, prescription medications and chemicals, like LSD, MDMA, Ecstasy , etc. are psychologically addictive and can cause serious damages to the body and brain if over used. Many people find it very easy to fall into an addiction with such drugs as their body becomes weak and they feel emotionally attached to these chemicals as they highly affect the stimulants in your brain. They feel a sense of relaxation which they appreciate and then think they need. When these drugs are excessively used they cause hallucinations which affect the human brain to see what is real and what isn’t, people who are physically addicted to such drugs lose sense in what reality truly is and do not realize that they aren’t sober nor in their senses. I believe this is a true addiction which builds up in fragile minds. There have been many people who have recently started to abuse prescription medications without any illnesses. The national institute of health posted that these medications can be addictive as well as poisonous, â€Å"This has been proven to not only be addictive but also lethal. Commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants.† The certain stimulants in the brains of such people cause them to carry on taking these chemicals into their system; this is more of a psychological addiction which soon leads to a mental addiction. (http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html) In conclusion, I find that addictions do exist to an extent. People, who find themselves in the trap of requiring such substances, should try gaining inner self confidence and face reality rather than depend on drugs, alcohol or nicotine to help them through life. However heavy drugs such as heroin, pharmaceuticals, cocaine and chemicals, when used excessively can cause physical addictions, while alcohol and nicotine are moreover mental and psychological addictions in certain cases and for some people these are just socially used and aren’t said to be addictions at all as they can face reality with or without them. References: National Institute Of Health. National Institute On Drug Abuse. What are some effects of specific abused substances? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html Advanced Pain Treatment & Diagnostics Group. Are you tired? Tired of the shame, tired of hiding? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http://advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp

“Futility” by Wilfred Owen Essay

The poem titled â€Å"Futility† meaning uselessness or pointlessness. Owen is trying to say this war is the pointless war. The soldiers are useless that they’re dead. No matter how much the soldier work, it doesn’t worth it. The poem is written in fourteen lines and divided into two verses. The two verses are contrast each other. The first verse’s atmosphere is quite, soft, tender and peaceful and the second verse’s atmosphere sounds more desperate, frustrate, ridiculous and demanding for something to happen. In the first verse, three verbs that describe the action of the Sun, move, gently, and touch are quite soft and tender. These verbs describe that the sun move softly, gently and touch the soldier to wake him up. The sun here means the sun that shines everyday to wake the man and at the same time it may symbolize religious. The sun that used to wake him up and care for him. It’s metaphor that the sun moves the man into the light. The third line of verse one, it mentioned that the soldier was once a farmer. The word whispering is onomatopoeia meaning the sun is whispering to the man about the memories the man used to have on the farm. It’s a soft and tender plus pleading together. â€Å"Unsown† means that the field has not seeded but yet the sun is shining now to tell the man that it’s the beginning of the planting season now. In other meaning, the word unsown is metaphor that the soldier is still too young for them to join the war, as they haven’t start their adult life yet. The fourth and fifth lines, ‘Always it awoke him, even in France, until this morning and this snow.’ The sun symbolizes the warmth of life and the snow symbolizes the coldness of death. The sun always arouses him everywhere even he’s in France but this morning is different because snow has partially block the man so the man wasn’t able to wake up. The word morning has two different meaning. One is the everyday morning, which is the beginning of the day and the second meaning referring to the word mourning. Owen is mourning for the man who has die. The last two line of the last two line, Owen is pleading to god, please please if anything can rouse him now please do it and in this case only god who can do it. Only the old sun that used to be very kind can wake him up now. The sun here is personified by referring the sun as old and kind. Through the whole verse Owen create the sound by using assonance of the repetition of â€Å"ow† sound in woke, unsown, snow, rouse, now and know. Owen used an imperative verb, think, at the beginning of the second verse. It’s order the reader to think and at the same time Owen also make it sound more desperate. He is desperate to think on how the sun will wake the seeds. The seeds here give the image of growth and nature and it symbolized the beginning of life. He is desperate to ask how god wakes the soldier that is already died on the ground. The third line of the second verse mention the word â€Å"limbs†, it has two meaning. First a limb is a branch of a tree, which fit in with the nature. Second meaning means the pair of legs, arms and wings. Owen means that god create these nature and mankind. The line after this said â€Å"full-nerved, –still warm, — too hard to stir?† Owen means that he still don’t understand how the sun gives life to seeds, but not the warmness to these soldier. The fifth line â€Å"Was it for this the clay grew tall?† this refer to the war. Clay is mud and mud comes from Earth. The clay grew tall; in this case the clay symbolized man. In this line Owen was asked what was this war for? Do we do all this to kill? Is this why we put him on this Earth? So what is the point of life? The last two lines â€Å"—O what made fatuous sunbeams toil to break Earth’s sleep at all?† Owen ask this question starting with what made, he means what is the point of sending these men these men to the war and died there? It’s seems so silly that the sun create life for these him and then let them died with regret. The first verse focuses upon a dead soldier and second verse asked why the sun is shining at all. Why there is life when there is such a suffering, Owen is trying to say if the sun can wake up life on Earth but why can’t it wake up his soldier because what he thinks is that if anything could make the soldier it must be the sun.

Real Estate Porters Five Forces Essay

THE CONCEPT: Lifeline Foundation seeks to alleviate misery, loneliness, despair and depression by listening, in a non-judgmental way, to those who cannot turn to anyone else who would understand and accept them. The caller remains anonymous and everything said to the volunteer remains confidential. OUR MISSION: 1) To contain the number of suicides in and around Kolkata and help survivors, their families and acquaintances through befriending. 2) To promote networking and awareness of other NGOs so that more people can be benefited by their services. THE ORGANIZATION: Lifeline Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Kolkata, West Bengal, running a free tele-helpline for people who are distressed, depressed or suicidal. It is a chapter of Befrienders India affiliated to the Befrienders Worldwide, U.K. This Organisation works under the umbrella of Samaritans, England which has been in existence for over 50 years. Lifeline Foundation along with other Centers in India, follow the Befrienders Charter and training module for volunteers We offer a tele-helpline service giving emotional support to combat the growing loneliness and stress in personal and professional lives of people, irrespective of their gender, age, religion or location. This service is free, anonymous and confidential and is available on all weekdays, between 10.00 am to 6.00 pm. OUR SERVICES 1) Tele-helpline; Available from 10am to 6.00pm Monday to Saturday 2) Face-to-Face – (a) Lifeline Foundation Centre (b) Kolkata Police Head Quarters, Lalbazar, – 1st & 3rd Thursday of every month – 12 noon to 04.00 pm. (c) Alipore Correctional Center , Kolkata Every week Tuesdays – 10am – 1.00 pm (d) Letters and Email: For hard of hearing and deaf and others – 24 hours AWARENESS (THROUGH OUTREACH): Every month we put in advertisements in English, Bengali and Hindi newspapers, giving our tele-helpline numbers and timings. Our telephone numbers are also accessible in the â€Å"Hello† section under helplines, every Sunday, in the Graffiti of the Telegraph. The Metro Railways have put our message with our telephone numbers on all tube lights at every entrance and exit of each station. Also, the CC TV on the metro stations shows our video clippings at regular intervals to lessen the rise of number of suicides at Metro Railways. Posters have also been put up inside the coaches of Metro Railway. This initiative was taken over seven years ago as metro station experienced innumerable suicide attempts. SUICIDE PREVENTION DAY: September 10th has been declared â€Å"World Suicide Prevention Day† by WHO and IASP (International Association of Suicide Prevention) The growing number of suicides is an indication of how serious this problem is and how much awareness needs to be created to become even more effective in the prevention of suicides. VOLUNTEERS: Our Volunteers are carefully selected and trained by experienced trainers. Volunteers, recruited through a stringent selection process, followed by an intense in-house training module, man the helplines.

How do organizations foster innovation Research Paper

How do organizations foster innovation - Research Paper Example According to the research findings the need for innovation in an organization is paramount and universal if the organization is to be successful. For organization’s customers and members to keep coming back over and over again, they must have the feeling that there will be a chance to see and do something different or new each time. As institutions evolve and the world keeping on changing, an organization needs to change its products and programs so as to be able to reach new markets to achieve the organizations missions. This calls for an environment that fosters innovation. There are three different variables that have been identified as the stimulus of innovation in an organization. These are the organization structure, human resource practices and organization culture. Yao et al notes that innovative organization are defined mostly by decentralized decision making, few hierarchal distinctions and lateral communication networks. In this case, he noted that information flow must be open and persuasive with a relatively flat organizational structure. For innovation to thrive in an organization, Yao et al suggest that organizations must be structured in a manner that is reflective about their practices by making an attempt to learn from their mistakes. This is because these organizations are capable of incorporating different points of view in an organization which is a factor that enables innovation to thrive. In this case, a rigid organizational structure neither recognizes nor implements innovation. ... In this case, he noted that information flow must be open and persuasive with a relatively flat organizational structure. For innovation to thrive in an organization, Yao et al (2006) suggest that organizations must be structured in a manner that is reflective about their practices by making an attempt to learn from their mistakes (France, 2011). This is because these organizations are capable of incorporating different points of view in an organization which is a factor that enables innovation to thrive. In this case, a rigid organizational structure neither recognizes nor implements innovation. Yao et al (20006) notes that many organizations foster innovation by ensuring that there are a well-developed formal practices within the organization that tap into informal activities. He notes that connecting informal and formal practices within an organization creates an environment for innovation which allows for its adoption and implementation. The connecting practices identified by Yao at al (2006) include promoting communication, socializing and creativity in the formal systems and creating a path that brings the best that emerges in the informal system into the informal system for implementation and development. Allowing employees free time to think is very crucial as it fosters creativity. Yao et al. (2006) notes that 3M usually allows its researchers to spend fifteen minutes of their research time working on whatever pleases them. On the other hand, Tech staff were noted to old informal brown bag launches to share what they have leaned after returning from their visit to science centers. Innovation involves interaction of different people

The Fourteenth Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Fourteenth Amendment - Essay Example For this reason, there were increasing inequalities in criminal proceedings between whites and blacks. The constitution had stated that one could only enjoy the fundamental rights if they belong to a particular state (Rife & Smith, 2006). The former slaves were not recognized as citizens of any state. There was a salient need for amending the constitution so that it could allow African-Americans gain citizenships in different states. Prior to the amendment, southern states practiced high levels of discrimination denying African-Americans an opportunity to enjoy their fundamental rights because of their race. The first section of the fourteenth amendment highlighted that states would no longer discriminate individuals based on race or ethnicity. The fourteenth amendment had positive changes in the United States because it allowed African Americans to be recognized as citizens through either birth or naturalization. Former slaves had the opportunity to become officially citizens of different states and be in a position to enjoy fundamental rights. Additionally, the fourteenth amendment served to nationalize the federal bill of rights by compelling each state to regard it highly. The ratification of the fourteenth amendment bill served as a milestone in the American history as the country would finally allow former slaves to be treated equally as the whites (p. 67). However, the amendment did not completely protect the rights of African Americans. In some states, African Americans were still viewed as lesser people.