Nation Building Through An Identity Realisation Sociology Essay

Nation Building Through An Identity Realisation Sociology EssayNation-building refers to the act of constructing or structuring a soilal identity using the power of the state. This process aims at the unification of the peck within the state so that it remains politic all(prenominal)y stable and operable in the long run. Nation-building can involve the use of propaganda or major infrastructure development to foster social harmony and economical growth. Originally, province-building referred to the efforts of newly-independent earths, nonably the nations of Africa, Post-Soviet states, to reshape colonial territories that had been carved out by colonial powers without regard to ethnic or other boundaries. These re make states would then become viable and coherent national entities. Nation-building included the creation of national paraphernalia such as flags, anthems, national days, national stadiums, national airlines, national languages, and national myths. At a deeper level , national identity needed to be deliberately constructed by molding different groups into a nation, especially since colonialism had used divide and rule tactics to claim its domination.1National identity derives from a unique blend of human will and material circumstance. To envision how people or states identify themselves, and therefore what interests and visions motivate them. So some questions of national identity are not simple. National identity existsalongside many other meanings of identity. It does not always override them all, or not in everycircumstance. Consider personal identity both philosophically and psychologically. Three questions can be asked How do each of you perceive yourself, how do you loss to be perceived by others, and how do others actually perceive you? These three questions are obviously related,but do not always give the aforementioned(prenominal) answer at all times and in all circumstances. Of course, this term was investigated and examined bef ore. For instance, I chose Anthony D. Smiths report for it, and I must say that I agree with him. So, he says that, whatever else it whitethorn be, what we mean by national identity involves some backbone of political community, however tenuous. A political community in flake implies at least some popular institutions and a atomic number 53 code of rights and duties for all the members of the community. It also suggests a definite social space, a fairly salutary demarcated and bounded territory, with which the members identify and to which they feel they belong.2This was very much what the philosophers had in mind when they defined a nation as a community of people obeying the same laws and institutions within a given territory. This is, of course, a peculiarly Western conception of the nation. But then the Western experience has exerted a goodly, indeed the leading, influence on our conception of the unit we call the nation. A new kind of policy the rational state and a n ew kind of community the territorial nation first emerged in the West, in close conjunction with each other. They left their imprint on subsequent non-Western conceptions, even when the latter diverged from their norms. But it is worth translation of nation. According to this view, nations must possess compact, strong-defined territories. People and territory must, as it were, belong to each other, in the way that the early Dutch, for example, saw themselves as formed by the high seas and as forging (literally) the earth they possessed and made their own.3But the earth in question cannot be just anywhere it is not any stretch of land. It is, and must be, the historic land, the homeland. A historic land is one where terrain and people get hold of exerted mutual, and beneficial, influence over several generations. The homeland becomes a repository of historic memories and associations, the place where our sages, saints and heroes lived, worked, prayed and fought. All this makes t he homeland unique. Another thing, by which the national identity can be defined, is the idea of patria, a community of laws and institutions with a single political will. It explains as least some greens regulating institutions that will give expression to common political sentiments and purposes. So, concurrent with the growth of sense of legal and political community we may trace a sense of legal equality among the members of that community. It also implies a common code of laws over and preceding(prenominal) local laws, together with agencies for their enforcement, courts of final appeal and the like. As master(prenominal) is the acceptance that, in principle, all members of the nation are legally equal and that the rich and powerful are bound by the laws of the patria. Finally, the legal equality of members of a political community in its demarcated homeland was felt to presuppose a measure of common values and traditions among the population, or at any rate its core communi ty. In other words, nations must have a measure of common culture and a civic ideology, a set of common tastes and dreamings, sentiments and ideas that bind the population together in their homeland.The existence of these common assumptions allows us to list the fundamental features of national identity as follows1. an historic territory, or homeland2. common myths and historical memories3. a common, mass public culture4. common legal rights and duties for all members5. a common economy with territorial mobility for members.4By moving to another term, nation, I can make a result of the nation. Nation can be defined as a named population sharing an historic territory, common myths and historical memories, a mass, public culture, a common economy and common legal rights and duties for all members.5 such a working translation invented the complex and abstract nature of national identity. The nation, in fact, draws on elements of other kinds of collective identity, describes not only for the way in which national identity can be combined with these other types of identity-class, religious or ethnic-but also for the different rearrangements of nationalism, the ideology, with other ideologies like liberalism, fascism and communism.Such a definition of national identity also sets it clearly apart from any understanding of the state. The latter refers exclusively to public institutions, differentiated from, and autonomous of, other social institutions and utilisation a monopoly of coercion and extraction within a given territory. The nation, on the other hand, signifies a cultural and political bond, uniting in a single political community all who share an historic culture and homeland.This lack of congruence between the state and the nation is exemplified in the many plural states today. Indeed, stroller Connors estimate in the early 1970s showed that only somewhat 10 per cent of states could claim to be true nation-states, in the sense that the states boundari es coincide with the nations and that the constitutional population of the state share a single ethnic culture. While most states aspire to become nation-states in this sense, they tend to limit their claims to legitimacy to an aspiration for political unity and popular sovereignty that, even in old-established Western states, risks macrocosm challenged by ethnic communities within their borders.These cases, and there are many of them, lucubrate the profound gulf between the concepts of the state and the nation, a gulf that the historical material to be discussed shortly underlines.6To gain a fuller understanding of what nationhood involves, it may be helpful to clear away two common misunderstandings that bedevil this question.7The first is the confusion of nation andstate. In ordinary speech nation is sometimes used as a synonym for state when someone refers to the newly emerging nations of the Third World, it is very likely that they are really talking about newly created stat es. This usage is not likely to be helpful if we are trying to clarify the principle of nationality, since one of the main issues we have to consider is merely the relationship between nations and states, and in particular the question whether each nation has a right to its own state. When this question is posed, nation must refer to a community of people with an aspiration to be politically self determining, and state must refer to the set of political institutions that they may aspire to possess for themselves. allow us say, following Weber, that a state is a body that successfully claims a monopoly of legitimate force in a particular territory.8We count states by seeing how many such bodies there are. Some of these states will be multinational, in the sense that they exercise their rule over several discrete nations. The Soviet Union was such a state rather unusually, it openly conceded that the peoples it governed were of different nationalities. (More than one hundred were re cognized.) Rather less common is the case where a single nation is for historical reasons divided between two states. This was the case for the Germans before the reunification of 1990, and is still the case for the Chinese and Koreans today. A third case occurs where people of a single nationality are scattered as minorities in a number of states-the position today of the Kurds and the Palestinians. None of this would make sense if we did not understand nation and state in such a way as to make it an empirical question whether those who compose a nation are all united politically within a single state.If we look to history, nations emerge over time as a result of numerous historical processes. As a consequence, it is a pointless undertaking to attempt to locate a precise moment when any particular nation came into existence, as if it were a make product designed by an engineer. Let us examine why this is so. All nations have historical antecedents, whether tribe, city-state, or ki ngdom. These historically earlier societies are important components in the formation of nations. For example, the English nation emerged out of the historically earlier societies of the Saxons, Angles, and Normans. However, these historical antecedents are never merely just facts, because key to the existence of the nation are memories that are shared among each of those many individuals who are members of the nation about the old of their nation, including about those earlier societies. Every nation has its own understanding of its distinctive ago that is conveyed through stories, myths, and history. Whether historically accurate or not, these memories contribute to the understanding of the present that distinguishes one nation from another. This component of time when an understanding of the past forms part of the present is characteristic of the nation and is called temporal depth.As the mind of the individual develops within various contexts, such as the family or different educational institutions, it seeks out those various and fluctuating traditions that are at hand.The child learns, for example, to speak the language of his or her nation and what it means to be a member of that nation as expressed through its customs and laws. These traditions becomeincorporated into the individuals understanding of the self. When those traditions that make up part of ones self-conception are shared by other individuals as part of their self-conception, one is then both related to those other individuals, and aware of the relation. The relation itself, for example living in the same geographical area or speaking a common language, is what is meantby the term collective consciousness. This term in no way implies the existence of a group mind or a combination of biological instincts, as if humans were a colony of ants. Rather, it refers to a social relation of each of a number of individuals as a consequence of those individuals participating in the same evolving tr adition. When those individuals not only participate in the same tradition but also understand themselves as being different from those who do not, then there exists a self-designating shared belief, which is called a collective self-consciousness, that is, a distinctive culture.9Also, there is a very short and well defined explanation of nation by Ernest Renan. He says, that, a nation is a soul, a spiritual principle. Two things constitute this soul the past and the present. The past refers to the possession in common of a rich legacy of remembrances the present is the actual consent, the desire to live together, the will to continue as a nation. To have accomplished great things together in the past, and to wish to do so again, that is the essential condition for being a nation. A nation is a gm solidarity constituted by the sentiment of sacrifices. A great aggregation of men, with a healthy spirit and warmth of heart, creates a moral conscience which is called a nation. This exp lanation fully concludes the definition of nation for better understanding.So, if we talk about nationality